Problems and solutions related to hearing loss in the world and Türkiye from a public health perspective

Abstract

The sense of hearing is extremely important for individuals to live a healthy life. There are various problems related to hearing health in the world. Hearing loss stands out among these problems. Hearing loss closely affects the health, social, educational, and economic life of the individual. This article aims to reveal the problems related to hearing loss in the world and Türkiye from a public health perspective. The article includes the causes of hearing loss, its public health importance, and suggestions for prevention. Risk factors of hearing loss include genetic factors, infections, noise, ototoxic drugs, and the aging period. Newborn and school-age screening programs are also of critical importance within the scope of early diagnosis services for the prevention of hearing loss. There are good practices about the prevention and early diagnosis of hearing loss. The World Health Organization's H.E.A.R.I.N.G. intervention package is a good guide for the structuring of lifelong hearing health services. In Türkiye, there are applications such as hearing screening programs, the Barrier-Free Health Communication Center, and "sign language" support. These applications support access to health services. However, the lack of health personnel who know "sign language," lack of communication, limited interpreter support, and the lack of accessible health content prevent hearing-impaired individuals from fully and effectively benefiting from health services. Scientific research is also needed to permanently solve the problems related to hearing loss. The accessibility of early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation services should be increased with policies to be developed based on research results. In addition to these; technological solutions should be disseminated and public awareness campaigns should be carried out. Interdisciplinary cooperation, integrated service models and political support and determination are of great importance for the protection of hearing health.