FALL PREVALENCE AND FACTORS AFFECTING FALLS IN INDIVIDUALS AGED 65 AND OVER IN AN URBAN AREA OF MANISA

FALLS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN THE ELDERLY: THE CASE OF MANISA

Abstract

Falls are a major factor affecting quality of life and mortality in individuals aged 65 and older. Since many risk factors for falls in older adults are preventable, identifying these risks, implementing preventive measures, and raising awareness among the elderly and their caregivers are crucial in reducing fall incidence. This cross-sectional, community-based study aimed to determine the prevalence of falls, fall risk, and associated factors among elderly individuals in urban Manisa. Conducted in three neighborhoods, the study sample was calculated using the Epi Info program, assuming a 28.5% prevalence, 5% margin of error, and 1.45 design effect, resulting in 222 participants. The participation rate was 56.0%, and cluster sampling was used. The dependent variables were fall occurrence in the past year and fall risk, assessed via the Aachen Falls Prevention Scale. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, household conditions, lifestyle habits, and health status. The mean age was 72±7.17 years, and 61.7% were female. The prevalence of falls in the past six months was 27.5%, while it was 47.3% in the past year, with 36.1% experiencing recurrent falls. Additionally, 37.8% were identified as at risk of falling. Age, orthopedic diseases, and polypharmacy were the primary risk factors for falls, while household stairs and high body mass index (BMI) were key determinants of fall risk. One in two older adults experienced at least one fall after age 65, and 59.6% of those who fell were aged 75 or older. Polypharmacy, orthopedic conditions, and high BMI should be routinely assessed in primary healthcare settings. Family physicians should regularly monitor chronic diseases, adjust medications, and refer high-risk patients when necessary.